蒙阴长毛兔养殖技能之消化特性

Digestive characteristics of breeding skills of Mengyin long hair rabbit

1.长毛兔口腔特色

1. oral characteristics of rabbit

家兔具有草食动物的齿型,即具有凿形门齿,便于堵截饲草;没有犬齿;白齿兴旺,齿面较宽，并具有横嵴,适于研磨植物性饲料。上唇正中央有一纵裂,构成豁唇,使门齿易于显露,便于采食地面上的植物和啃咬树枝树叶。家兔口腔内有4对唾液腺，即耳下腺、颌下腺、舌下腺和眶下腺，它们分泌的唾液别离经导管通入口腔。唾液不仅能湿润食物,便于食物下咽,并且还含有能够把淀粉转化为葡萄糖的消化酶。

Rabbits have the teeth of herbivores, that is, chisel-shaped incisors, easy to intercept forage; no canine teeth; white teeth flourishing, tooth surface wider, and has a transverse ridge, suitable for grinding plant feed. There is a longitudinal cleft in the middle of the upper lip, which makes the incisor teeth easy to expose and easy to eat the plants on the ground and bite the branches and leaves. There are four pairs of salivary glands in the mouth of rabbits, namely, the subaural gland, the submandibular gland, the sublingual gland and the suborbital gland. Saliva not only moisturizes food, facilitates food swallowing, but also contains digestive enzymes that convert starch into glucose.

2.长毛兔胃肠特色

2. gastrointestinal characteristics of rabbit

兔胃的容积较大，约占消化道总容积的36%。兔的肠管比较长,为体长的10倍左右，体长50厘米的兔,其肠道总长度约为5米。特别是盲肠,其容积约占整个消化道总容积的43%,在牲畜中,兔的盲肠份额最大。幼兔的消化道在发作炎症的情况下,通透性增大,消化道内的有害物质易被吸收,所以幼兔患肠炎时，症状较严峻,残废率也较高。因而,在养兔生产中,应该留意加强幼兔的养殖管理,防止肠炎和腹泻的发作,这是进步幼兔育成率的极重要的办法之一。小肠黏膜里含有丰厚的淋巴安排，它们具有防护效果。回肠与盲肠衔接处,肠管膨大,构成一个长径约为3厘米、短径约为2厘米的厚壁球囊,这就是兔特有的圆小囊。圆小囊除起

The volume of rabbit stomach is large, accounting for about 36% of the total volume of the digestive tract. Rabbits have long bowel tubes, about 10 times the length of the body, and the total length of the intestine is about 5 meters, with a body length of 50 centimeters. Especially the cecum, which accounts for about 43% of the total volume of the digestive tract, in livestock, rabbits have the largest share of the cecum. Inflammation occurs in the digestive tract of young rabbits in the case of increased permeability, the digestive tract is easy to absorb harmful substances, so young rabbits with enteritis, the symptoms are more severe, disability rate is higher. Therefore, in the production of rabbits, we should pay attention to strengthen the management of young rabbits, to prevent the occurrence of enteritis and diarrhea, which is one of the most important ways to improve the growth rate of young rabbits. The small intestinal mucosa contains rich lymphatic arrangements. They have protective effects. At the junction of ileum and cecum, the intestine enlarges, forming a thick-walled balloon with a length of about 3 cm and a short diameter of about 2 cm. Round sacculus

防护效果外,还具有消化吸收和分泌的效果。回盲瓣口周围的盲肠壁上还有2块显着的淋巴安排,较大的称为大育肠扁桃体,较小的称为小盲肠扁桃体。盲肠的游离端变细,称作蚓突，长约10厘米,外观比盲肠的其他部分色彩淡,表面润滑，壁厚而内腔狭隘。其安排结构与盲肠扁桃体类似,含有丰厚的淋巴安排。单个种类的部分兔没有胆囊。

Besides the protective effect, it also has the effects of digestion, absorption and secretion. There are also two distinct lymphatic arrangements on the wall of the cecum around the ileocecal valve. The larger one is called the large intestinal tonsil, and the smaller one is called the small cecum tonsil. The free end of the cecum, called the vermis, is about 10 centimeters long and has a lighter appearance than the rest of the cecum, a lubricated surface, thick walls and narrow lumens. The arrangement is similar to cecal tonsils and contains abundant lymphatic arrangements. A single species of rabbits has no gallbladder.

3.长毛兔食粪特性

3. fecal characteristics of long hair rabbits

食粪特性是指兔具有吃自己粪便的习性。兔在会吃硬饲料之后不久,就会吃粪,在兔的一生中,除发病时不吃粪外,终身坚持这种习性。兔排出两种粪便，一种是粒状硬粪,另一种是团状软粪。软粪分泌大多在上午8时至下午5时之间,中午12时是分泌的高峰期。这种软粪一经排出,便被兔自己吃掉。兔的食粪行为是正常的生理现象。兔一旦不吃粪,大都情况下就是生了病,或者是用手术办法摘去了盲肠。兔经过食粪,可使饲料屡次地经过消化道得到充沛消化。兔从食入的软粪中能够获得一些营养物质，主要是蛋白质和维生素。

Dung characteristics refer to rabbits' habit of eating their own feces. Rabbits will eat feces soon after they eat hard fodder. Rabbits will stick to this habit all their lives except when they don't eat feces when they get sick. Rabbit excrees two kinds of feces, one is granular hard dung, the other is pellet soft dung. The excretion of soft feces is mostly between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., and the peak is at 12 noon. Once the soft dung was expelled, it was eaten by the rabbits themselves. The excretion behavior of rabbits is a normal physiological phenomenon. Once the rabbit does not eat dung, most of the cases are sick, or by surgical methods to remove the cecum. Rabbits can be digested repeatedly through the digestive tract after eating dung. Rabbits can get some nutrients from soft dung, mainly protein and vitamins.

山东省蒙阴鑫华种兔场，对长毛兔感兴趣的朋友可以关注我们http://www.myxinhua.com,敬请期待更多精彩雕塑内容

Friends who are interested in rabbits can pay close attention to us at http://www.myxinhua.com. Please look forward to more wonderful sculptures.